Part 3. NFT Hydroponics: Nutrient Bed Method for Efficient Growing
NFT Hydroponics: Nutrient Bed Method for Efficient Growing
Hydroponic growing is becoming increasingly popular due to its efficiency and water savings. One of the most widely used systems is NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) , also known as the nutrient layer method . This system allows plants to grow quickly, receive optimal oxygenation and use minimal substrate. In this article, we will look at the principle of NFT, its history, advantages, disadvantages and the correct settings to achieve maximum yields.
What is NFT hydroponics?
NFT is a hydroponic system in which a nutrient solution continuously flows in a thin layer along the bottom of slightly inclined channels. The plant roots are partially submerged in water, while the upper part remains exposed to air. This gives the plants a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen , which promotes their rapid and healthy growth.
Main components of the NFT system:
✔ Growing channels – plastic troughs or pipes where plants grow.
✔ Nutrient solution tank – a container with water enriched with nutrients.
✔ Water pump – circulates nutrient solution through the system.
✔ Drainage system – allows the solution to return to the tank.
✔ Non-woven fabrics or baskets – hold plants above flowing water.
NFT is most often used for fast-growing leafy greens, herbs, and strawberries , where it allows for maximum efficiency and high yields.
History of NFTs: From Invention to the Present
The NFT system was developed in the 1960s by British scientist Allen Cooper . At the time, innovations in plastics enabled the creation of the first growing channels that improved the distribution of water and oxygen to plant roots.
Since then, NFT has spread around the world , particularly in the United Kingdom and Australia, where the method is commonly used for the commercial cultivation of lettuce and other vegetable crops.
How do NFTs work?
NFT works on the principle of continuous water circulation through growing channels. This system can be divided into several key phases:
1️⃣ Nutrient solution supply – The pump feeds the solution into a slightly inclined channel, where a thin layer of water is formed.
2️⃣ Contact with roots – Plant roots are washed with nutrient solution, but at the same time have enough oxygen.
3️⃣ Drainage – The solution flows to the other end of the channel and returns back to the tank.
4️⃣ Circulation – This cycle repeats itself, allowing for efficient use of water and nutrients.
Thanks to the constant flow of water, plant roots are supplied with oxygen and nutrients without the risk of waterlogging or oxygen deficiency.
Benefits of NFT hydroponics
NFT offers many advantages over other hydroponic methods:
✅ Water saving - The nutrient solution is constantly circulated, minimizing waste.
✅ Higher oxygen availability – A thinner layer of water allows for better oxygenation of the roots.
✅ Fast plant growth - Ideal for leafy greens such as lettuce, basil or spinach.
✅ Low substrate costs – No soil needed, just minimal root support.
✅ Easy maintenance – The system is easy to maintain and allows for automation.
These advantages make NFT ideal for both commercial farms and home growers who want maximum yields with minimal effort.
Disadvantages of the NFT system
As with any technology, there are certain disadvantages to NFT that you need to be aware of:
❌ Sensitivity to power outages – If the pump stops, the roots will dry out quickly.
❌ Not suitable for large plants – NFT is not ideal for heavy weight crops such as tomatoes or peppers.
❌ Risk of canal clogging – Dense roots can slow down the flow of water.
❌ Possibility of water stagnation – If the slope of the channels is not correct, areas with "standing water" may arise.
Despite these challenges, NFT is still one of the most effective hydroponic systems , if properly designed and maintained.
How to build a home NFT system?
Building a home NFT system is simple and inexpensive . You will need:
✔ Plastic gutters or pipes – gutter pipes or special NFT channels can be used.
✔ Water tank – a container with nutrient solution.
✔ Pump with hose – to ensure water circulation.
✔ Growing baskets – for placing plants above the water surface.
✔ Timer (optional) – to regulate water flow.
Assembly procedure:
1️⃣ Place the growing channels at a 2-3% slope.
2️⃣ Connect the hose with the pump that will supply the nutrient solution.
3️⃣ Place a drain leading back to the tank at the opposite end.
4️⃣ Insert plants in non-woven pots or rockwool cubes into the holes in the channel.
5️⃣ Start the pump and set the water flow ( recommended 1 liter per minute ).
When set up correctly, you will get an efficient hydroponic system that will allow for rapid plant growth and minimal resource consumption .
The most common problems and their solutions
🔴 Roots block water flow → regularly check the channels and trim excess roots.
🔴 Uneven distribution of solution → make sure the channels have the correct slope.
🔴 Power outage → a backup battery power source is recommended.
🔴 Clogging of hoses and nozzles → flush the system regularly to prevent deposits.
Why choose NFT hydroponics?
NFT is one of the most effective hydroponic methods , allowing for high yields with minimal costs. If you plan to grow salads, herbs or strawberries , NFT is an ideal choice .
✅ Saving water and nutrients
✅ Fast plant growth
✅ Minimum substrate consumption
💡 Want to try NFT at home? With a little investment, you can achieve professional results in growing vegetables and herbs! 🚀
Source: Hydroponics for Everyone, William Taxier